Scanned Photograph or Digital Printing Requirements
Below you will find a few tables outlining print resolutions and there absolute digital equivalents.  First I want to note that I have built these tables around a 300dpi US pre-press standard.  Many people print photos at 250 dpi too, therefore those folks would need slightly less resolution.  Also please understand that the tables are absolute values, all print drivers and photo finishers will interpolate the needed mega-pixels to produce enlargements from a lower resolution image.  That is not to say that at some point you will start to see grain and loss of sharpness from those lower resolution images as the are enlarged beyond a certain point. 
If you want to print an enlargement from a lower resolution image (as we all do) I recommend using Photoshop (or equivalent) to resize the images before you either print it or have a photofinisher print it.  Please remember that pixels and dpi are not the same, once you resize your image also set the printing dpi in your image manipulation software too.
Printing Digital or Scanned Photograph Pixel Requirements
300 DPI Printer (300 is standard US pre-press)
Picture Size Print Width Print Length Width*DPI Length*DPI Total Pixels Mega Pixels Required
40x60 40 60 12000 18000  216,000,000   216.00
36x54 36 54 10800 16200  174,960,000   174.96
36x48 36 48 10800 14400  155,520,000   155.52
24x36 24 36 7200 10800    77,760,000     77.76
20x30 20 30 6000 9000    54,000,000     54.00
16x20 16 20 4800 6000    28,800,000     28.80
13x17 13 17 3900 5100    19,890,000     19.89
11x14 11 14 3300 4200    13,860,000     13.86
8x10 8 10 2400 3000      7,200,000       7.20
5x7 5 7 1500 2100      3,150,000       3.15
4x6 4 6 1200 1800      2,160,000       2.16
4x5 4 5 1200 1500      1,800,000       1.80
3x5 3 5 900 1500      1,350,000       1.35
Sample Camera and Scanner Resolutions
Width Length Total Pixels Mega Pixels DPI Bits Color Depth Output Bits A-D per Color Dynamic Range Interface(s) Max Film or Sensor Size
Minolta Elite 5400 5232 7800    40,809,600      40.81 5400 48 16 4.8 USB 2/FW 35mm
Epson Perfection 4870 4747 7187    34,113,968      34.11 4800 48 16 3.8 USB 2/FW 6x9
Epson Perfection 4870 Pro 4747 7187    34,113,968      34.11 4800 48 16 3.8 USB 2/FW 6x9
Nikon Super Coolscan 4000 ED 3946 5959    23,514,214      23.51 4000 48 14 4.2 FW 35mm
Nikon Coolscan V ED 3946 5959    23,514,214      23.51 4000 48 14 4.2 USB 2 35mm
Nikon Super Coolscan 5000 ED 3946 5959    23,514,214      23.51 4000 48 16 4.8 USB 2 35mm
Canoscan FS4000US 3780 5669    21,428,820      21.43 4000 42 16 4.2 USB/SCSI 35mm
CanoScan 9900F 3165 4791    15,161,764      15.16 3200 48 16 na 1 USB 2/FW 4x5
Minolta Diamge Scan Dual IV 3120 4680    14,601,600      14.60 3200 48 16 4.8 USB 2 35mm
Kodak DCS Pro/n or Pro/c 4500 3000    13,500,000      13.50 na 1 36 12 na 1 FW Full 35mm
Canon 1Ds 4064 2705    10,993,120      10.99 na 1 36 12 na 1 FW Full 35mm
Canon 1D Mark II 3504 2336      8,185,344        8.19 na 1 36 12 na 1 USB 2/FW 1.3x 35mm
Canon  Pro 1 3264 2448      7,990,272        7.99 na 1 na 1 na 1 na 1 USB 2 1/8"
Nikon Coolpix 8700 3264 2448      7,990,272        7.99 na 1 na 1 na 1 na 1 USB 2 2/3"
Canon 10D / Digital Rebel 300D 3072 2048      6,291,456        6.29 na 1 36 12 na 1 USB 2 1.6x 35mm
Kodak Easyshare DX7630 2856 2142      6,117,552        6.12 na 1 na 1 na 1 na 1 USB 2 na 1
Nikon D70 3008 2000      6,016,000        6.02 na 1 36 12 na 1 USB 2 1.5x 35mm
Nikon D100 3008 2000      6,016,000        6.02 na 1 36 12 na 1 USB 1.5x 35mm
Nikon D1x 3008 1960      5,895,680        5.90 na 1 36 12 na 1 FW 1.5x 35mm
Canon S500 2592 1944      5,038,848        5.04 na 1 na 1 na 1 na 1 USB 2 1/8"
Nikon Coolpix 5200 2592 1944      5,038,848        5.04 na 1 na 1 na 1 na 1 USB 2 1/8"
Olypus E-1 2560 1920      4,915,200        4.92 na 1 36 12 na 1 USB 2/FW 2.0x 35mm
Nikon D2H 2464 1632      4,021,248        4.02 na 1 36 12 na 1 USB 2 1.5x 35mm
Nikon D1 2000 1312      2,624,000        2.62 na 1 36 12 na 1 FW 1.5x 35mm
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